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قديم 03-25-2009, 09:28 PM
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تاريخ التسجيل: Apr 2008
المشاركات: 31
افتراضي

 

Q - S

QUADRICEPS - The group of muscles on the front of the thigh that extend the knee.

QUADRIPLEGIA - Paralysis of all four limbs.

RACHISCHISIS - A congenital condition in which the spinal cord is completely exposed and deformed.

RANGE OF MOTION
- The full extent of movement of a particular joint.

RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE - The ability to understand spoken language.

RECIPROCAL - Alternating, as feet alternate in walking.

RECTUM - The lower part of the large bowel that terminates in the anus.

REFLEX - A response mediated by the nervous system.

REFLUX - Abnormal backward flow of urine from the bladder up the ureters toward the kidneys.

RELATED SERVICES- Special services other than regular teaching that children may need to function effectively in school, for example, speech therapy, physical therapy, and adaptive physical education.

RENAL DAMAGE - Damage to the kidneys that may occur in children with spina bifida as a result of repeated urinary infections or reflux (back flow) of urine up the ureters into the kidneys.

RESPIRATORY DISTRESS - Noisy, congested breathing brought on by difficulty in breathing and retractions of the chest wall.

RETARDATION
- Slowness in development.

RETRACTIONS - The breastbone and area below the ribcage sink in on inspiration when a child is having difficulty breathing.

REVISION - The operative procedure for replacing a shunt.

ROCKER-BOTTOM FOOT - A foot deformity in which the sole of the foot is curved.

SACRAL VERTEBRAE
- The five lowest vertebrae that are firmly bound to the pelvis.

SCOLIOSIS - A lateral curvature of the spine, often in an S-shape.

SEIZURES - Convulsions.

SHUNT - A system to control hydrocephalus. It consists of a one-way valve and a small plastic tube, one end of which is placed on one of the ventricles where the cerebrospinal fluid is formed. The plastic tube is then placed under the skin behind the ear, where it is passed between the skin and underlying bone and muscle and into the abdominal cavity. The cerebrospinal fluid that is passed into the abdominal cavity is then reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

SOFT TISSUE SURGERY
- Operations that involve lengthening muscles or tendons or releasing tight ligaments.

SPASTICITY - Stiffness or position that is difficult to release.

SPHINCTER - A circular muscle constricting an opening. Sphincter muscles control bowel and bladder evacuation.

SPINA BIFIDA
- Failure of the bones of the spine to close. Lay-term for myelomeningocele.

SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA
- A term covering both meningocele and myelomeningocele where the meninges protrude through the bifida (split) spinal column forming a sac or cyst filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA - Failure of one or more vertebrae to close with the skin intact and no sac visible on the back. A child with spine bifida occulta usually has no problems, and the defect may go undetected until a routine x-ray is taken.

SPINAL CORD - A column of nervous tissue that is located within the vertebral column and directly connected to the brain. All nerves to the trunk and extremities are located within the spinal cord. The brain controls muscles of the body through nerves in the spinal cord.

SPINAL FUSION - An operation to make the spine stronger or straighter.

SPINOUS PROCESSES - The bony projections at the back of the vertebrae.

STANDING FRAME - Braces attached to platform..

STOMA - That part of the loop of bowel to which the ureters are attached in an ileostomy and which is visible on the abdomen. It is sometimes referred to (non-medically) as a "cherry" because of its red color.

STRABISMUS - Squint or deviation of the eye.

STRIDOR - Harsh croupy noise associated with breathing.

SUBLUXATION - Incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint.

SUNSETTING
- A condition in which an infant's eye seems to always be looking downward.

SUPINE
- Positioned lying horizontally on the back, with the face upward.

SUPPOSITORY
- Medicated mass inserted into the rectum to aid bowel movement.

SWING-TO GAIT - Walking by putting both crutches forward and then lifting both feet and swinging them forward.

SYRINX
-A fluid-filled space in the spinal cord, usually in the neck, that can cause neurological symptoms.

 

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